World leaders are now discussing how the growing threat of climate change should be addressed following the first commitment period (2008-12) of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol. A post-Kyoto framework to curb emissions of greenhouse gases covering years beyond 2013 has become the biggest priority in international efforts to deal with global warming. Securing the participation of such major emitters as the United States, which failed to ratify the protocol, and emerging countries like India and China, whose emissions were not targeted for reduction, is seen as keys to the success of the new framework.